MIT NANDA, The GenAI Divide: State of AI in Business 2025
Published in July 2025 by Project NANDA, a project of the MIT Media Lab, and written by Aditya Challapally, Chris Pease, Ramesh Raskar and Pradyumna Chari. The authors describe it as preliminary findings, drawn from a review of more than three hundred publicly disclosed initiatives, interviews with fifty two organisations and survey responses from one hundred and fifty three senior leaders.
Within that sample, most initiatives showed no measurable financial return, and the authors attribute the difference to approach rather than to model quality or regulation. The widely repeated headline figure describes those initiatives, not organisations in general, and the paper has been publicly disputed, so we quote no percentage here. The leadership lesson stands on its own: a pilot with no owner, no training and no measure of success rarely survives contact with the working day.
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